Bibliographies
This section provides a list of published articles and white papers available addressing virtual learning in elementary, secondary and post-secondary education.


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Murphy, E., & Rodriguez-Manzanares, M. (2009) Sage without a Stage: Expanding the Object of Teaching in a Web-Based, High-School Classroom. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning [Online] 10(3)

Title: Sage without a Stage: Expanding the Object of Teaching in a Web-Based, High-School Classroom.

Year: 2009

Abstract: Available: http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/579

Source: The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning [Online]  


Posted by: ufteam on 9/2/2009 11:38:22 AM .   Last updated by: ufteam on 9/2/2009 11:38:22 AM .  


Means, B., Toyama, Y., Murphy, R., Bakia, M., & Jones., K. (2009) Evaluation of evidence-based practices in online learning: A meta-analysis and review of online learning studies. U.S. Department of Education.

Title: Evaluation of evidence-based practices in online learning: A meta-analysis and review of online learning studies.

Year: 2009

Abstract: Retrieved from: http://www.ed.gov/rschstat/eval/tech/evidence-based-practices/finalreport.pdf

Source: U.S. Department of Education.  


Posted by: ufteam on 6/27/2009 9:09:37 AM .   Last updated by: ufteam on 6/27/2009 9:11:55 AM .  


Greenway, R., & Vanourek, G. (2006) The virtual revolution: Understanding online schools. Education Next, 6(2)

Title: The virtual revolution: Understanding online schools.

Year: 2006

Abstract: Retrieved from: http://www.hoover.org/publications/ednext/3210506.html

Source: Education Next,  


Posted by: ufteam on 4/29/2009 3:32:15 PM .   Last updated by: ufteam on 4/29/2009 3:32:15 PM .  


Smart, K.L, & Cappel, J.J. (2006) Students’ perceptions of online learning: A comparative study. Journal of Information Technology Education. 5

Title: Students’ perceptions of online learning: A comparative study.

Year: 2006

Abstract: Retrieved from: http://jite.org/documents/Vol5/v5p201-219Smart54.pdf

Source: Journal of Information Technology Education.  


Posted by: ufteam on 4/29/2009 3:29:23 PM .   Last updated by: ufteam on 4/29/2009 3:29:23 PM .  


Hassel, B.C., & Terrell, M.G. (2004) How can virtual schools be a vibrant part of meeting the choice provisions of the No Child Left Behind Act? U.S. Department of Education.

Title: How can virtual schools be a vibrant part of meeting the choice provisions of the No Child Left Behind Act?

Year: 2004

Abstract: Retrieved from: http://www.doe.virginia.gov/VDOE/Instruction/title1/Hassel-Terrell-VirtualSchools.pdf

Source: U.S. Department of Education.  


Posted by: ufteam on 4/29/2009 3:25:01 PM .   Last updated by: ufteam on 4/29/2009 3:25:01 PM .  


Gene V. Glass (2009) The realities of K-12 virtual education. Boulder and Tempe: Education and the Public Interest Center & Education Policy Research Unit.

Title: The realities of K-12 virtual education.

Year: 2009

Abstract: Glass, Gene V. (2009). The realities of K-12 virtual education. Boulder and Tempe: Education and the Public Interest Center & Education Policy Research Unit. Retrieved [date] from http://epicpolicy.org/publication/realities-K-12-virtual-education

Source: Boulder and Tempe: Education and the Public Interest Center & Education Policy Research Unit.  


Posted by: ufteam on 4/28/2009 2:06:19 PM .   Last updated by: ufteam on 4/29/2009 3:21:40 PM .  


Rice, K., Dawley, L., Gasell, C., & Florez, C. (2008) Going Virtual: Unique needs and challenges of K-12 online teachers. Boise State University

Title: Going Virtual: Unique needs and challenges of K-12 online teachers.

Year: 2008

Abstract: Results from Phase Two of the Going Virtual! Study Series. Retrieved from: http://www.inacol.org/resources/docs/goingvirtual.pdf

Source: Boise State University  


Posted by: ufteam on 4/28/2009 3:59:43 PM .   Last updated by: ufteam on 4/29/2009 3:21:18 PM .  


Zandberg, I., Lewis, L., & Greene, B. (2008) Technology-based distance education courses for public elementary and secondary schools: 2002-03 and 2004-05. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Educational Statistics.

Title: Technology-based distance education courses for public elementary and secondary schools: 2002-03 and 2004-05.

Year: 2008

Abstract: Retrieved from: http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2008/2008008.pdf

Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Educational Statistics.  


Posted by: ufteam on 4/29/2009 3:13:43 PM .   Last updated by: ufteam on 4/29/2009 3:20:56 PM .  


Tucker, B. (2007) Laboratories of reform: Virtual high schools and innovation in public education. Education Sector.

Title: Laboratories of reform: Virtual high schools and innovation in public education.

Year: 2007

Abstract: Retrieved from: http://www.educationsector.org/usr_doc/Virtual_Schools.pdf

Source: Education Sector.  


Posted by: ufteam on 4/29/2009 3:19:46 PM .   Last updated by: ufteam on 4/29/2009 3:20:36 PM .  


Parsad, B., Lewis, L., & Tice, P. (2008) Distance education at degree-granting postsecondary institutions: 2006–07. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Educational Statistics.

Title: Distance education at degree-granting postsecondary institutions: 2006–07.

Year: 2008

Abstract: Retrieved from: http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2009/2009044.pdf

Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Educational Statistics.  


Posted by: ufteam on 4/29/2009 3:16:46 PM .   Last updated by: ufteam on 4/29/2009 3:16:46 PM .  


Spellings, M., Brown, M., & Garnette, C. (2007) Connecting students to advanced courses online: Innovations in education. U.S. Department of Education.

Title: Connecting students to advanced courses online: Innovations in education.

Year: 2007

Abstract: Retrieved from: http://www.ed.gov/admins/lead/academic/advanced/coursesonline.pdf

Source: U.S. Department of Education.  


Posted by: ufteam on 4/29/2009 3:07:26 PM .   Last updated by: ufteam on 4/29/2009 3:07:26 PM .  


Spellings, M., Mesecar, D., & Garnette, C. (2008) Evaluating online learning: Challenges and strategies for success. U.S. Department of Education.

Title: Evaluating online learning: Challenges and strategies for success.

Year: 2008

Abstract: Retrieved from: http://www.ed.gov/admins/lead/academic/evalonline/report.html#sect1

Source: U.S. Department of Education.  


Posted by: ufteam on 4/29/2009 3:04:00 PM .   Last updated by: ufteam on 4/29/2009 3:04:18 PM .  


Watson, J., & Gemin, B. (2008) Promising practices in online learning: Socialization in online programs. iNACOL

Title: Promising practices in online learning: Socialization in online programs.

Year: 2008

Abstract: Retrieved from: http://www.inacol.org/resources/promisingpractices/NACOL_PP_Socialization.pdf

Source: iNACOL  


Posted by: ufteam on 4/29/2009 2:59:10 PM .   Last updated by: ufteam on 4/29/2009 2:59:10 PM .  


Rice, K., & Dawley, L. (2007) Going virtual: The status of professional development for K-12 online teachers. Boise State University

Title: Going virtual: The status of professional development for K-12 online teachers.

Year: 2007

Abstract: Results from Phase One of the Going Virtual! Study Series. Retrieved from: http://edtech.boisestate.edu/goingvirtual/goingvirtual1.pdf

Source: Boise State University  


Posted by: ufteam on 4/28/2009 3:56:14 PM .   Last updated by: ufteam on 4/28/2009 3:56:14 PM .  


Watson, J., Gemin, B., & Ryan, J. (2008) Keeping Pace with K–12 online learning: A review of state-level policy and practice. Evergreen Consulting Associates

Title: Keeping Pace with K–12 online learning: A review of state-level policy and practice.

Year: 2008

Abstract: Retrieved from: http://www.kpk12.com/downloads/KeepingPace_2008.pdf

Source: Evergreen Consulting Associates  


Posted by: ufteam on 4/28/2009 3:16:27 PM .   Last updated by: ufteam on 4/28/2009 3:16:45 PM .  


Christine L. Borgman, Abelson,H., Dirks, L., Johnson, R., & Koedinger, K.R. (2008) Fostering learning in the networked world: The cyberlearning opportunity and challenge. National Science Foundation

Title: Fostering learning in the networked world: The cyberlearning opportunity and challenge.

Year: 2008

Abstract: A 21st Century Agenda for the National Science Foundation1 Report of the NSF Task Force on Cyberlearning. Retrieved from: http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2008/nsf08204/nsf08204.pdf

Source: National Science Foundation  


Posted by: ufteam on 4/28/2009 2:11:36 PM .   Last updated by: ufteam on 4/28/2009 2:13:27 PM .  


Cavanaugh, C., Barbour, M., & Clark, T. (2009) Research and practice in K-12 online learning: A review of open access literature. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning 10(1)

Title: Research and practice in K-12 online learning: A review of open access literature.

Year: 2009

Abstract: The literature related to online learning programs for K-12 students dates to the mid-1990s and builds upon a century of research and practice from K-12 distance education. While K-12 online learning programs have evolved and grown over the past decade, the amount of published research on virtual schooling practice and policy is limited. The current literature includes practitioner reports and experimental and quasi-experimental studies, both published and unpublished. This paper reviews open access literature in K-12 online learning and reports on a structured content analysis of the documents. Themes in the literature include steady growth and a focus on the benefits, challenges, and broad effectiveness of K-12 online learning. In addition, newly developed standards for K-12 online learning are emerging in descriptions of effective practices.

Source: The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning  


Posted by: ufteam on 4/1/2009 2:19:15 PM .   Last updated by: ufteam on 4/1/2009 2:19:15 PM .  


Stone, A. (2008) The holistic model for blended learning: A new model for K-12 district-level cyber schools. International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education 4(1)

Title: The holistic model for blended learning: A new model for K-12 district-level cyber schools.

Year: 2008

Abstract: Pennsylvania is at the forefront of the public cyber charter schooling movement in America. As more and more students elect to transfer from traditional public schools into cyber charter schools–and their districts of origin are forced to forfeit their tuition allocations–a need for a public school alternative to cyber charter schools has emerged. Using current practices in Pennsylvania’s public schools as a backdrop, this article presents a new model for district-level cyber schooling, called the holistic model for blended learning, that public schools in Pennsylvania (and elsewhere) can use to compete with cyber charter schools and meet the growing demand for K-12 online learning.

Source: International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education  


Posted by: ufteam on 4/1/2009 2:05:54 PM .   Last updated by: ufteam on 4/1/2009 2:06:03 PM .  


Clark, T. (2008) Online learning: Pure potential. Educational Leadership 65(8)

Title: Online learning: Pure potential.

Year: 2008

Abstract: Online learning through virtual schools is bringing much-needed change to the K–12 education landscape. Online courses have the potential to greatly expand high school students' exposure to curriculum choices and to make their learning experiences more relevant and personalized. That potential is likely to expand significantly; school leaders need to be ready to seize the possibilities if online learning is to truly improve our students' learning lives.

Source: Educational Leadership  


Posted by: ufteam on 4/1/2009 2:03:18 PM .   Last updated by: ufteam on 4/1/2009 2:03:34 PM .  


Roblyer, M.D., & Davis, L. (2008) Predicting success for virtual school students: Putting research-based models into practice. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration 6(4)

Title: Predicting success for virtual school students: Putting research-based models into practice.

Year: 2008

Abstract: Virtual schooling has the potential to offer K-12 students increased access to educational opportunities not available locally, but comparatively high dropout rates continue to be a problem, especially for the underserved students most in need of these opportunities. Creating and using prediction models to identify at-risk virtual learners, long a popular topic in distance education, is assuming increasing urgency in virtual schooling. Though many studies have tested the contributions of various factors to online success, this article emphasizes that prediction models must be developed and used in ways that yield findings to support student success rather than prevent students from enrolling. One such model is offered here. After a description of data collection and statistical processes used to derive the model, procedures are outlined for how to implement it in virtual school settings in ways that increase both the accuracy and utility of predictions.

Source: Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration  


Posted by: ufteam on 4/1/2009 1:58:08 PM .   Last updated by: ufteam on 4/1/2009 1:58:08 PM .